LIVE LECTURE - Introduction to DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY | Life-span Development | Context
02:41.0
Sa first week pa lang, ganyang kakapal. Ganyang kakapal yung mga pinapabasa niyang mga papers namin. And one of the papers na talagang finocus is yung kay Baltis. So si Baltis siya yung sa lifespan development.
02:56.0
So si Newgarten, parang siya yung extension ng lifespan development. So inincorporate ko rin yung mga iba naming natutunan dun sa master. So I hope you appreciate that or kahit man lang ma-apply natin siya in our lecture and whatnot.
03:16.0
Just to prepare you, development or human development or developmental psychology. Siguro ako nung experience ko dito dun nung ako yung nag-aaral, parehas siguro tayo hindi ko masyadong priority.
03:35.0
Hindi naman sa hindi ko priority pero more like mas priority ko kasi during that time yung TOP. But it doesn't necessarily mean naman na inechopwear ako si Debsay kasi interesado rin ako sa Debsay since meron akong experience within my family of meron niyang neurodeb disorder within the clan and the family din itself.
03:58.0
So interested ako on how to explain, describe and somehow deal with those kinds of cases and Debsay is very helpful with that.
04:10.0
So alam ko kayo meron kayong mga preconceived notions sa Debsay and siguro try natin siyang iwaksi muna sa ating mga puso't damdamin at mga otak at try natin i-view yung Debsay in a more interesting light.
04:30.0
Because as you will see here in our lecture that Debsay is actually important in describing human behavior and human thoughts which is the target of psychology.
04:44.0
And dito rin niyo makikita that despite TOP being removed or not officially yet but pinag-usapan tanggalin sa board exam subjects e importante pa din siya.
05:00.0
So strap in, I hope you enjoy our lecture, napaka long-winded na intro para sa developmental psychology or human development and sana mag-enjoy kayo sa mga lectures natin.
05:14.0
Hindi lang ito yung mga susunod pa kasi I tell you they are very interesting at least for me so sana mahawa ko kayo dun sa interest ko na yun.
05:23.0
Again, good morning sa mga lahat ng viewers, medyo madami-dami tayo ngayon parang ang daming nag-aabang sa Debsay.
05:31.0
So good morning sa mga nasa chat kay Jean, kay Xiangxiang, kay Gerald, kay Pamela, kay Hazel.
05:39.0
Tinitignan nyo lang daw yung libro ni Papalya. Huwag nyo lang tignan, basahin nyo, kausapin nyo. Pagtitignan nyo lang yan, tutuklawin kayo nyan.
05:49.0
Anyway, so let's start na. Intro to Human Development.
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Wait lang kasi yung PDF na yun.
05:58.0
Okay, so what are the learning objectives for this lecture?
06:03.0
First is to describe human development and how its study has evolved.
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And then two, describe the domains and periods of human development.
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Three, give examples of the influences that make one person different from one another.
06:17.0
And lastly, discuss the principles of lifespan perspective.
06:22.0
So ito yung mga learning objectives natin.
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And for me, ito yung sa libro, pero sa atin siguro ang pinaka-target ko ngayon or ang pinaka-learning objective natin, personalize kumbaga,
06:35.0
is to make you more interested sa Debsay, sa human development.
06:41.0
Para naman hindi kayo mahirapan na pag-aralan din siya.
06:44.0
Okay, so I hope maging successful ako dun.
06:47.0
Okay, so first, let's define human development.
06:50.0
So human development focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people.
06:59.0
So human development, it's basically studying how a person change over time.
07:07.0
This is a bit different with theories of personality kasi theories of personality, why?
07:13.0
Why is that person acting that way?
07:16.0
Yun yung sa theories of personality.
07:19.0
Bakit? Anong explanation? Bakit mo ginagawa yan?
07:23.0
Ganun sa theories of personality.
07:25.0
So human development, paano ba nagbabago ang isang tao?
07:30.0
Sa theories of personality, of course, very varied yung mga theories dyan.
07:35.0
But in theories of personality, you are pinpointing what is that person on this particular point in time.
07:42.0
Diba? For example, i-assess mo yung isang tao, yung personality niya.
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Titignan mo kung ano yung personality niya during that moment.
07:50.0
Okay? For example, adolescent yan. During adolescent, yun lang yung titignan mo.
07:55.0
Siguro titignan mo yung mga nauna niya, yung mga childhood experiences niya,
07:59.0
but at the end of the day, you will try to explain that person in this particular context of this particular time, which is the present.
08:08.0
Human development, on the other hand, hindi siya isahan lang.
08:11.0
Ang human development, it's a lifespan.
08:14.0
Okay? Buong buhay ng taong yun, yun yung titignan mo.
08:19.0
So, in a way, human development is a very wide field of scientific study.
08:29.0
Okay? Kaya siguro medyo nakakalunod siya sa mga concepts.
08:34.0
Kasi, makikita nyo dito, hindi lang siya isang aspect ng buhay.
08:38.0
Tatlo. May physical, cognitive, and psychosocial.
08:41.0
So, yung human development, tapos sa tatlong aspects na yan, meron pang stages of development.
08:47.0
So, kaya parang medyo, ha? Ba't andami?
08:50.0
Kasi nga, it's focused on change. Okay? Change along the way.
08:55.0
And that is the reason why sobrang haba and sobrang laki ng sakop ng human development.
09:01.0
Okay? So, siguro yun din yung isa sa mga reason kung bakit parang mas pinrioritize ng PRC, or di PRC, yung PAP board,
09:11.0
na parang, ba't di nilang DEBSAE?
09:13.0
Kasi sa DEBSAE, parang mas general siya.
09:16.0
Kumbaga, compared kasi sa TOP, TOP is very specific.
09:20.0
Especially kapag nagpagpo-focus ka na sa mga theory.
09:23.0
Human development, on the other hand, it's wide.
09:26.0
It's very big talaga siya.
09:28.0
So, developmental scientists look at the ways in which people change from conception through maturity as well as characteristics that remain fairly stable.
09:38.0
So, actually, makikita natin sa history na dati, yung pinag-aaralan lang ng developmental psychology is yung from birth to childhood.
09:48.0
But eventually, narealize nila, uy, meron palang buhay after childhood, meron tayong tinatawag na adolescent, tsaka adulthood, tsaka aging, tsaka death, diba?
09:58.0
Dealing with death. So, bakit di natin pag-aaralan?
10:01.0
So, eventually, pinag-aaralan din nila yan. Makikita din natin siya sa history.
10:04.0
So, research findings often have applications to child rearing, education, health, and social policy.
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So, you might ask, sir, anong pakinatin sa DEBSAE?
10:14.0
Anong meron ba sa DEBSAE?
10:16.0
Bakit natin kailangan pag-aaralan si DEBSAE?
10:19.0
Diba? Kasi sinabi ko sa inyo na, yun nga, all-encompassing siya, very big, pero why?
10:24.0
Why do we need to study DEBSAE?
10:26.0
Ba't di na lang TOP? Mas interesting pa yung mga maling konsepsyon ni Freud sa personality.
10:34.0
Ba't di na lang yung, ba't di na lang natin mag-focus doon?
10:37.0
Bakit kailangan human development pa?
10:40.0
Well, in essence kasi, lalo na sa mga psychometricians,
10:46.0
as psychometricians, we are not only working on the clinical field.
10:52.0
Nag-awork majority ng mga psychometricians sa industry and education.
11:01.0
Diba? And madalang lang yung abnormal.
11:05.0
Whether we accept it or not, whether you are okay with it or not,
11:11.0
let's face the facts, let's face the statistics,
11:14.0
that most of us are in the field where most of our clients are in the normal spectrum.
11:23.0
And ABSCII, kasi, or theories of personality in ABSCII,
11:29.0
they are most helpful sa mga clinical setting.
11:34.0
Developmental psychology, on the other hand, as you can see here,
11:38.0
it has often a bigger scope in terms of application.
11:44.0
Like for example, child rearing.
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Although one can argue that theories of personality can have ambag sa child rearing,
11:53.0
ABSCII is more heavy. It's heavier in terms of giving depth or giving bigat doon sa child rearing.
12:06.0
So, ABSCII, doon natin malalaman na ang mga bata sa gantong edad,
12:12.0
mes sensitive sila sa mga certain na bagay.
12:16.0
Let's say for example, di naman pinag-aaralan sa TOP na kapag ang bata
12:21.0
sa sinapupunan, dapat hindi siya mag-caffeine.
12:24.0
Hindi mag-caffeine yung nanay. O kaya hindi siya magpa-X-ray.
12:27.0
O kaya naman, nung pinanganak yung bata, dapat enough yung oxygen supply niya.
12:32.0
Hindi pinag-aaralan sa TOP yun.
12:35.0
O kaya naman, di naman din pinag-aaralan sa TOP yung delayed in speech.
12:39.0
Kasi paglalagay mo sa TOP ang delayed in speech, delay yung speaking niya,
12:43.0
ang maging mangyayari, parang hindi enough yung mga theories of personality to explain that phenomenon.
12:50.0
But it's also abnormal kung titignan natin.
12:54.0
Ano ang mas applicable?
12:59.0
Yung mga theories ng DEBSAE.
13:01.0
Yung developmental milestones, kailan ba dapat magsasalta yung bata,
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dapat na-expose yung bata sa language,
13:11.0
kasi kung di siya ma-expose sa language, may hirapan talaga siya mag-pick up or mag-acquire ng language.
13:17.0
So, that part of psychology is focused on human development.
13:26.0
If you're not yet aware, merong subject na developmental psychology ang mga EDOC graduates.
13:32.0
Aware ba kayo doon?
13:34.0
Meron silang EDOC psych, ay EDOC psych, meron silang DEBSAE.
13:38.0
Kasi hindi DEBSAE yung pangalan.
13:40.0
If I'm not mistaken, Prof. Ed. 2 or Prof. Ed. 1, di ako sure.
13:44.0
Basta DEBSAE yung content niya.
13:46.0
Bakit kailangan nila ang DEBSAE?
13:48.0
Kasi, mas makakatulong yun.
13:51.0
For example, iba kasi ang method ng teaching mo sa mga elementary
13:55.0
compared sa mga high school, compared sa mga college.
13:58.0
Sa mga elementary, kailangan ikaw masunod as a teacher.
14:02.0
Sa mga elementary, sa high school, medyo ganun din pero medyo flexible.
14:07.0
Sa college naman, ayaan mo yung mga bata.
14:10.0
Ayaan mo yung mga taong yan kasi matatanda na sila.
14:13.0
Diba? So kung hindi yung pag-aaralan yun,
14:16.0
kung TOP lang ang gagamitin natin doon,
14:19.0
hindi siya magsisilbi.
14:21.0
Sabi nga nila sa kamabahan, hindi ayaw magsilbi.
14:23.0
Hindi siya mag-work.
14:26.0
And then, of course, sa health.
14:29.0
Kasi may kanyang-kanyang mga needs.
14:31.0
Ang mga bata, ang mga adolescent, ang mga adults.
14:34.0
Iba-iba na mga needs yung mga yan.
14:35.0
Not only in the terms of psychological,
14:39.0
but also physical and emotional.
14:41.0
Okay? And then lastly, of course, the social policy.
14:45.0
Social policy, let's say, for example, criminal age.
14:52.0
Nung makamakailang lang, criminal age,
14:54.0
kailan ba dapat pwedeng masampahan ng kasong kriminal
15:01.0
Hindi yun masasagot lang ng TOP.
15:03.0
Kasi kung TOP lang yan,
15:05.0
eh lalo na kung si Broid ang gagamitin,
15:07.0
pwede mo sampahan yan, diba?
15:09.0
Or something like that.
15:10.0
Ngunit kung titignan natin siya
15:12.0
in the lens of developmental psychology,
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we can say that that child still has the potential
15:17.0
to grow, to change.
15:19.0
Kasi bata pa lang siya.
15:22.0
Ayan, kung di natin pag-aaralan to,
15:25.0
And kung baga, majority sa mga psychometricians,
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eh nasa normal field sila.
15:30.0
Tapos hindi sila masyadong,
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kung baga, refreshed or well-tuned
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sa developmental psychology.
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May hihirapan tayong i-execute
15:40.0
yung ating responsibility and services.
15:45.0
So this is, I think, the reason why
15:47.0
they have been thinking about
15:50.0
changing TOP into developmental psychology.
15:54.0
I don't know if you will agree with me, no?
15:56.0
I don't know if you will
16:00.0
disagree with me or something in between.
16:03.0
But the point here is
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human development or developmental psychology
16:07.0
has more application for most people,
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for more people compared
16:12.0
kung TOP lang ang alam natin.
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And the thing is,
16:17.0
developmental psychology,
16:19.0
hindi natin siya mas,
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di natin, kung baga,
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mas maintindihan natin
16:24.0
ng developmental psychology
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if meron tayong background sa TOP.
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So, in other words,
16:29.0
they work hand in hand.
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Hindi sila, kung baga,
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kung developmental psychology ka lang,
16:35.0
medyo hindi rin enough.
16:36.0
At the same time,
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kung TOP ka lang,
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hindi rin enough.
16:39.0
Kasi, as mentioned kung nga
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nang nag-aabcite tayo,
16:42.0
context is very important.
16:45.0
Age is very important in diagnosis.
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Kasi, depende sa age talaga
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kung malalama mo kailangan ba
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yung i-diagnose o hindi.
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And there are some age-related
16:55.0
diagnosis talaga.
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So, kung hindi tayo aware
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dun sa mga ages na yun,
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sa mga developmental stages na yun,
17:02.0
then, medyo lacking tayo
17:04.0
sa ating knowledge.
17:06.0
Medyo lacking tayo
17:07.0
sa ating expertise.
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this is one of the reasons
17:15.0
tried to include.
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matagal na kasing iniisip to.
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Matagal ng proposition to.
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Di ko alam bakit ngayon lang talaga na
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na-push and then napaka-abrupt pa.
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But anyway, it is what it is.
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And I hope you appreciate.
17:32.0
Or you somehow had
17:37.0
on why we need to study
17:39.0
developmental psychology.
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if you have any questions
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or any violent reactions
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or anything that you want to ask,
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just ask in the comment section.
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hintayin ko yung mga comments ninyo.
17:58.0
So, that's my take
18:00.0
in developmental psychology.
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pag tinatamad na kayong basahin
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pag tinatamad na kayong basahin
18:08.0
yung mga ano natin,
18:10.0
yung mga books natin
18:16.0
yung mga knowledge
18:19.0
yung tinuturo ni Santrak
18:21.0
tsaka ni Papalya.
18:26.0
So, medyo may delay tayo
18:28.0
sa stream na mga 5 seconds.
18:32.0
Okay, so moving on.
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Baka hindi tayo matapos.
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ang isa sa mga pinakaginagamit ngayon
18:42.0
na theory or pinaka bedrock
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na concept na ginagamit
18:47.0
sa developmental psychology
18:49.0
is yung tinatawag nating
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lifespan development,
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developed by Baltes.
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So, lifespan development
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or conceptualized as
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the human development
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as a lifelong process
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which can be studied scientifically.
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So, it's from womb to tomb
19:07.0
compromising or comprising
19:10.0
the entire lifespan
19:11.0
from conception to death.
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So, events such as
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timing of parenthood,
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maternal employment,
19:16.0
and marital satisfaction
19:18.0
are now also studied
19:19.0
as part of developmental psychology.
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So, a bit of a background lang.
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Kasi, kung titignan natin
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Let's say, for example,
19:30.0
medyo nagdouble din siya
19:31.0
ng konti sa dev psych.
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Yung kanyang theory,
19:33.0
medyo focus siya masyado sa,
19:35.0
di ba, childhood.
19:37.0
After ng childhood,
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I mean, yung infanthood,
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infancy to childhood siya.
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After ng childhood,
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after ng school age,
19:47.0
wala na siyang pakilam.
19:49.0
Parang adult ka na nun.
19:52.0
So, one reason is that,
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historically speaking,
19:54.0
wala pa kasing adolescent nun.
19:57.0
Walang adolescent nun.
20:00.0
pwede ka na mag-reproduce,
20:01.0
pwede ka na mag-asawa.
20:03.0
Kaya nga yung mga lolo't lola natin,
20:04.0
di ba, 14 pa lang sila,
20:05.0
meron pa na silang mga asawa,
20:06.0
may mga pamilya na sila.
20:08.0
Kasi there's no concept
20:09.0
of adolescence back then.
20:11.0
Kaya parang hindi sila
20:12.0
nagpo-focus masyado
20:13.0
sa mga developmental stages
20:15.0
after ng adolescent.
20:18.0
there are so many factors
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why is that the case.
20:23.0
Mainly, yung economic factor.
20:25.0
Kasi hindi pa mahirap ang buhay nun.
20:27.0
Hindi pa tig 700 a kilo yung sibuyas.
20:29.0
So, yung sibuyas nun,
20:31.0
pwede mong pulutin sa tabi-tabi.
20:33.0
Ngayon, hindi na.
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Although, nag-stabilize na.
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So, that's one thing.
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And then, parang eventually,
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habang tumatagal din,
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nung tumataas yung education
20:47.0
parang nagkakaroon na ng shift
20:51.0
After mong mag...
20:53.0
Hindi ibig sabihin na
20:54.0
pwede ka na mabuntes.
20:56.0
magpapamilya ka na.
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So, marami naka-discover
20:59.0
na pwede ka naman pa lang
21:01.0
para tumaas yung skill set mo.
21:03.0
Pag tumaas yung skill set mo,
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mas mataas yung bayad sa'yo,
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So, dun napunta yung adolescent.
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Yung mga adolescent,
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yung mga high school,
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and then college, eventually.
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na-extending adolescent.
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Meron na tayong tinatawag
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na emerging adulthood.
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So, yung mga ngayon,
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they are context-based,
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but the point here is that
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lifespan development
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or development is lifelong.
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Hindi siya nage-end
21:26.0
Hindi siya nage-end
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after mong manganak.
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Kasi nung before na nang
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gano'n yung thinking eh.
21:33.0
Pag nanganak ka na,
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fully developed ka na.
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Pero hindi pa pala.
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Marami ka pa pa lang
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kahit matanda ka na.
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So, yun yung parang dun
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nabuo yung konsepto
21:43.0
ng lifespan development.
21:44.0
That developmental psychology
21:51.0
or before adolescent.
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It actually moves forward.
21:55.0
So, discuss natin
21:56.0
ng mas detailed yung
21:57.0
lifespan development mamaya.
21:59.0
So, what are the goals
22:01.0
of studying human development?
22:03.0
So, first is to describe, explain,
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just like any other subject
22:08.0
So, let's say for example,
22:10.0
Let's say for example,
22:11.0
we want to apply human development
22:16.0
difficulty in speech.
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human development theory
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to describe the typical pattern
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Kasi kung di mo alam
22:26.0
kung ano yung typical pattern
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hindi mo alam kung may problema ba
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Ngayon, kung alam mo
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kung ano yung typical pattern
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or yung normal pattern
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then you can explain
22:38.0
why a child has a delayed
22:40.0
language acquisition.
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Kasi nga, alam mo,
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na dapat during this stage,
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meron na siyang ganito,
22:46.0
during this stage,
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binibigyan siya ng
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karampatang pansin
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para mag-develop siya ng language
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is yung predict the likelihood
22:56.0
that the child will develop
23:01.0
by giving speech therapy.
23:04.0
So, as you can see,
23:05.0
medyo may pagka-abnormal din siya.
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I mean, abnormal psychology din siya
23:10.0
sa kanyang application.
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nakitignan natin,
23:16.0
kung may kilala kayong
23:17.0
mga may neurodev disorders
23:19.0
and then magpapatingin kayo
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sa mga spesyalista
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or mga therapist,
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speech therapist,
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mahirapan kayong maghanap.
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Bakit mahirapan kayong maghanap?
23:30.0
child development experts.
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And sobrang mahal
23:34.0
ng kanilang mga singel.
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Bakit mahal ng kanilang mga singel?
23:37.0
Kasi in-demand sila.
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Tapos konti lang ang supply.
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So, kung magmamasters kayo,
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pwede niyong gawing major
23:46.0
yung human development.
23:47.0
Malayin niyo, diba?
23:48.0
Isa kayo sa mga maging
23:50.0
child development experts sa Philippines.
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And then, we can say that
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development is messy,
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or it's complex and multifaceted,
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and shaped by interacting
24:01.0
arcs of influence.
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Mamaya makikita natin na
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yung human development,
24:06.0
from womb to tomb,
24:07.0
hindi lang siya yung organism.
24:13.0
and whatnot na involved
24:18.0
And kapag yung mga factors na yun
24:19.0
is na nabago, or na change,
24:21.0
or kumbaga nagkaroon ng
24:29.0
malaka din yung maging efekto niya
24:31.0
sa pagdedevelop ng isang tao.
24:33.0
So, students of human development
24:34.0
draw collaboratively from a wide
24:36.0
range of disciplines, including
24:38.0
psychology, psychiatry, sociology,
24:40.0
anthropology, biology, genetics,
24:42.0
family science, education, history,
24:48.0
anything in psych naman, you have to be
24:50.0
very familiar with
24:56.0
Sa abseil, lagi ko sinasabi, hindi lang kayo
24:58.0
naga-abseil dun. Nagaano din kayo?
25:02.0
Nagkakaroon din kayo ng biology.
25:04.0
Ganun din sa developmental psychology.
25:06.0
Hindi nyo naman kailangan
25:08.0
maging expert sa lahat. Ang kailangan nyo
25:10.0
lang is magkaroon kayo ng idea
25:12.0
kung paano nakakaapekto
25:14.0
yung mga ibang aspeto
25:16.0
ng buhay natin pang araw-araw.
25:20.0
from the society,
25:24.0
paano ba nakakaapekto yung mga yun
25:26.0
sa pag-iisip natin
25:28.0
and sa pagdedevelop natin.
25:30.0
Alright? So, ayun.
25:32.0
Again, if you have any questions
25:34.0
or clarifications, you can
25:36.0
chat and then we can talk about it.
25:38.0
Alright? So, ayun.
25:40.0
So, what are the basic concepts
25:42.0
of human development?
25:44.0
Let's start. First is
25:46.0
that mayroon tayong tinatawag na domains
25:48.0
of development. Ito yung minimension ko
25:50.0
kanina that development is
25:54.0
field or marami syang
25:58.0
Sa development kasi natin, mayroon tayong
26:02.0
or tatlong aspeto
26:04.0
ng buhay natin na
26:06.0
may iba't iba silang mga pace
26:08.0
or may iba't iba silang mga
26:14.0
So, for example, physical,
26:16.0
cognitive, and psychosocial development.
26:18.0
So, sa physical development, this is the growth
26:20.0
of the brain, the body,
26:22.0
sensory capacities, motor skills,
26:24.0
and health. So, physical development,
26:26.0
this is basically the building blocks of our
26:30.0
physical na pangangatawa natin, yung katawang
26:32.0
lupa natin. So, yung katawang lupa natin
26:34.0
bound siya by the rules of
26:36.0
biology or in extension,
26:38.0
physics. So, pag merong
26:40.0
mga problems, for example,
26:42.0
sa genetic coding natin,
26:44.0
siyempre, magkakaroon ng malaking
26:48.0
sa development natin. So, just imagine
26:50.0
yung mga, for example, yung mga taong may
26:52.0
down syndrome, and then yung mga may
26:54.0
taong may genetic disposition for
26:56.0
autism, and whatnot.
26:58.0
Okay? So, and then, of course,
27:00.0
yung yun nga, yung sa physical development
27:02.0
kasama dyan, for example, nutrition.
27:04.0
Pag hindi nabigyan ng karampatang
27:06.0
nutrition ang isang bata, e makaka-effect
27:08.0
to yan sa kanyang development.
27:10.0
Okay? And then, cognitive development.
27:12.0
So, learning, attention, memory, language,
27:14.0
thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
27:16.0
So, cognitive, this is the more on the
27:20.0
capacity natin to learn.
27:22.0
Basically, yun lang yan. Capacity to learn. How
27:24.0
do you learn? You need to be attentive.
27:26.0
You need to memorize some things.
27:28.0
And then, you need to have a language
27:30.0
to store that information. You need
27:32.0
to think. You need to reason.
27:34.0
And then, creativity to apply what
27:36.0
you learn. So, cognitive development
27:38.0
is basically about learning.
27:40.0
Okay? And then, lastly, psychosocial
27:42.0
development. So, psychosocial development,
27:48.0
development kasi it involves
27:50.0
emotion, personality, and social
27:52.0
relationships. Okay?
27:54.0
So, yung psychosocial, it involves
27:56.0
not only us, but also other
27:58.0
people. Okay? The
28:00.0
thing about this three domains
28:02.0
of development is that they are
28:04.0
interconnected. Okay?
28:06.0
They are separate, yes, but
28:10.0
related sila sa bawat isa.
28:12.0
How do we say that? Let's say, for example,
28:14.0
physical development. Kunyari,
28:16.0
hindi masyadong nabigyan ng nutrisyon
28:20.0
Ang tendency, pag hindi siya nabigyan ng
28:22.0
tamang nutrisyon, is that
28:24.0
magkakaroon ng pagkabagal
28:26.0
or even pag-stop ng kanyang
28:28.0
development. So, kasama sa development
28:30.0
na yun is yun sa kanyang brain.
28:32.0
Okay? And dahil hindi masyadong
28:34.0
nagdevelop yung brain, or dahil kulang yung
28:36.0
nutrisyon ng brain niya, or kulang
28:38.0
yung nutrisyon ng mismo katawan niya.
28:40.0
Let's say, for example, sakitin siya.
28:42.0
Hindi siya agad nakapag-aral.
28:44.0
Dahil hindi siya agad nakapag-aral, eh maapektoan
28:46.0
yung kanyang learning.
28:48.0
Diba? And then, let's say, for example,
28:50.0
dahil konti nga yung nutrisyon niya,
28:52.0
hindi masyadong nagdevelop yung brain niya.
28:54.0
Again, maapektoan yung learning.
28:56.0
Okay? And learning
29:04.0
Okay? If you did not
29:06.0
learn how to make friends, diba, mahilip magka-friends.
29:10.0
naapektoan yung learning mo, psychosocial
29:12.0
development will also be affected.
29:14.0
Okay? So, yun yung
29:16.0
mga ano. Kaya naman, let's say, for example,
29:18.0
there's a problem with cognitive development.
29:20.0
Di masyadong nag-learn
29:22.0
yung isang taong ito. And dahil
29:24.0
di siya masyadong nagkaroon ng
29:26.0
di siya nag-natuto,
29:28.0
parang, let's say, for example, napabayaan niya
29:30.0
yung sarili niya, yung kanyang physical na
29:32.0
pangangatawan, o bababa yung nutrisyon
29:34.0
niya, magkakasakit siya. And then,
29:36.0
pag nagkasakit siya, of course, parang
29:38.0
magiging siyang ano sa family,
29:40.0
magiging burden siya, tapos magkakaroon siya ng mababang
29:42.0
self-esteem, and psychosocial
29:44.0
development will be hampered. Okay?
29:46.0
So, these three domains are intricately
29:50.0
That is why whenever we
29:52.0
just like in abnormal psychology,
29:54.0
whenever we treat them,
29:56.0
dapat talaga holistic yung treatment.
29:58.0
Okay? So, these are the domains
30:00.0
of development, and it's very important
30:02.0
na masatisfy lahat
30:04.0
ng needs, no? And ma-accomplish
30:06.0
yung mga tasks na kailangan
30:08.0
sa mga every stages natin.
30:10.0
Sa physical, cognitive, and psychosocial.
30:12.0
Let's say, for example, pag-child ka,
30:14.0
pag-infant ka, dapat yung
30:16.0
physical development mo, no? Mabilis,
30:18.0
no? Kasi pag-infant, mabilis ang physical development.
30:20.0
Dapat at the age of
30:24.0
months, dapat nag-
30:28.0
nagbabable na, no? And then, parang
30:30.0
meron ng trust sa ibang tao.
30:32.0
Nakikita na yung trust sa ibang tao.
30:34.0
Meron ng social relationship kahit papano
30:36.0
sa ibang tao. So, and then,
30:38.0
kapag adolescent ka, diba?
30:40.0
Sa adolescent, may mga physical changes diyan,
30:42.0
and then cognitive changes din,
30:44.0
and then yung psychosocial development,
30:48.0
adolescent, kailangan makiin ka,
30:50.0
but at the same time, mag-iindividual ka.
30:52.0
So, that is the task of an adolescent.
30:54.0
Okay? So, again, if there's
30:56.0
nagkaroon ng problem, so either
30:58.0
domains of development, of course,
31:00.0
malaking epekto yan.
31:02.0
Damay-damay lahat, kumbaga.
31:06.0
again, if you have any questions,
31:08.0
or clarifications, you
31:14.0
Para masaya-saya naman tayo dito.
31:16.0
Marami tayo yung mga listeners ngayon.
31:18.0
Listeners, ginawang podcast.
31:20.0
Nakita nga, nasabi ginawang
31:22.0
podcast yung lecture ko habang
31:24.0
naglilinis. May mga naglilinis
31:26.0
ba sa inyo habang nakikinig
31:30.0
Good luck sa paglilinis.
31:34.0
just to break some
31:40.0
the lifespan. So, not so far daw.
31:42.0
Sabi ni Gerald. That's good.
31:44.0
Sa mga iba, if you have any questions
31:46.0
and clarifications, you may
31:50.0
Parang DJ. So, periods of the lifespan.
31:54.0
very familiar na with the periods
31:56.0
or mga stages of life.
31:58.0
Mapa kay ano man yan?
32:00.0
Mapa kay Eric Erickson man yan.
32:06.0
obsolete na. Sino pa may
32:08.0
stages. Marami yung mga stages na yan eh.
32:10.0
These periods of lifespan
32:14.0
social constructions. Okay.
32:16.0
Divisions of the lifespan into periods is a
32:18.0
social construction. Yes. Vygotsky.
32:20.0
Yan. Kasama din sya.
32:22.0
At si, ano kasi yun? Si
32:26.0
So, maganda yung si Kohlberg.
32:30.0
series mo, sir. Ginamako Netflix. Gagalit
32:34.0
Sabi ka naman. Pwede naman sa phone yun.
32:38.0
Nakilaki lecture diba?
32:42.0
so, pwede naman sa phone.
32:46.0
So, ayan. Balik tayo dito.
32:48.0
Na-disrupt naman na ginawa mong Netflix yung
32:50.0
ano ko. So, periods
32:52.0
of lifespan. Again,
32:54.0
it's a social construction. Why is it a
32:56.0
social construction? Kasi wala naman talagang
33:00.0
pinagbago talaga eh. Kasi tao pa din tayo.
33:02.0
Kasi, to illustrate
33:04.0
the point is that, for example, sa mga
33:06.0
insects, diba? Sa mga
33:08.0
caterpillar and butterflies, meron
33:10.0
silang ma-distinct na stages talaga.
33:12.0
For example, egg, diba?
33:14.0
After ng egg is magiging
33:18.0
egg, caterpillar. After yung
33:20.0
caterpillar, magiging pupa. After magiging
33:22.0
pupa, magiging butterfly. Diba?
33:24.0
Yan hindi yung social construction. Kasi
33:26.0
makikita mo talagang, egg siya. Tapos magiging siya
33:28.0
butterfly. Ang layo ng biology ng dalawang
33:30.0
yun. No? Meanwhile, in the
33:32.0
human beings, after natin
33:34.0
maging, after ma-fertilize
33:36.0
ng zygote, or maging zygote na yung
33:38.0
egg, fertilized egg na
33:40.0
siya, ibang-iba na.
33:42.0
Kumbaga, hindi naman ibang-iba pero halos
33:44.0
parehas lang. No? Human na
33:46.0
yung tao na nasa fetus hanggang
33:48.0
sa pagtanda niya.
33:50.0
Diba? So wala masyadong
33:52.0
distinct na pagkakaiba.
33:54.0
Ang pinagkaiba lang is yung size
33:56.0
siguro. Tsaka yung cuteness.
33:58.0
Mas cute pag baby.
34:00.0
Although di lahat ng baby cute. Bakit gano'n?
34:06.0
biological. Kumbaga, yung
34:08.0
division of lifespan. It's a
34:10.0
social construction. No?
34:12.0
Parang it's a concept or
34:14.0
a practice that is an invention of particular
34:16.0
culture or society. No? For example,
34:18.0
sa society natin, merong child,
34:20.0
merong adolescent, then merong
34:22.0
adult. Sa ibang mga tribo,
34:24.0
no? Walang adolescent.
34:26.0
After mo nag-child,
34:28.0
pwede ka na mag-buntes.
34:32.0
Diba? Lalo na ng mga
34:34.0
sinuonang time period.
34:38.0
times na yun. May nagbago ba
34:40.0
sa biology natin? Wala.
34:42.0
Ang nagbago is yung social or society
34:44.0
natin. Nagkaroon ng construction
34:46.0
na ikaw adolescent ka pala.
34:48.0
Diba? Ganon siya.
34:50.0
Ganon yung division of
34:54.0
biological basis yan. It's all about
34:56.0
the social construction.
34:58.0
And Newgarten even said,
35:00.0
we have this what we call social clock.
35:02.0
Social clock. Meron tayong
35:04.0
yung social clock yan yung parang
35:06.0
dapat by the age of ganito may
35:08.0
anak ka na. By the age of ganito meron ka
35:10.0
ng apo or something like that.
35:12.0
So adolescence is the new addition
35:14.0
to lifespan period during the 1920s
35:16.0
as I've mentioned kanina. And emerging
35:18.0
adulthood by Arnett during the
35:24.0
addition to the lifespan period.
35:26.0
And emerging adulthood dito nakasumasama
35:28.0
yung mga millennials.
35:30.0
Mga millennials, sila yung
35:32.0
nagumpisa feeling ko ng emerging adulthood.
35:36.0
us, yung mga magulang natin
35:38.0
or magulang namin,
35:40.0
nag-asawa yung mga yun
35:44.0
Pero ako 27 na wala pa rin.
35:46.0
Diba? So mas maaga silang nag-asawa
35:48.0
compared sa mga millennials ngayon. Kasi yung mga
35:50.0
millennials ngayon, at least
35:52.0
senior in the Philippines, nag-aasawa silang
35:54.0
mga 25 and above. And then on average
35:58.0
So bakit ganun? Kasi
36:00.0
merong emerging adulthood phase.
36:02.0
Ang tawag ng iba dito is yung extended
36:04.0
adolescent. Diba? Ang daming
36:06.0
mga masters, ang daming
36:08.0
nagkocontinuing study,
36:10.0
naggagap year, diba?
36:12.0
Kasi hinahanap pa nila yung sarili
36:14.0
nila. Kung bago hindi silang tapos
36:16.0
adolescent sa kanilang paghanap sa sarili,
36:18.0
in-extend dila sa kanilang
36:20.0
emerging adulthood. Kaya hindi agad
36:22.0
nag-aasawa. So that's
36:26.0
sa social construction of lifespan
36:28.0
or life stages natin.
36:30.0
So developmentalist suggests that certain
36:32.0
basic needs must be met and certain
36:34.0
task mastered for typical development
36:36.0
to occur. So yung
36:38.0
mga division ng mga
36:40.0
hindi naman ibig sabihin na fake lang yung lifespan
36:42.0
division is wala siyang
36:44.0
ambag. Yung sinasabi ko lang social
36:46.0
construction siya. And a social construction
36:48.0
still has a power to
36:50.0
us people because humans are social
36:54.0
in each stages of our life
36:56.0
we have these certain tasks.
36:58.0
Okay? So you have an idea na with
37:00.0
regards sa mga task natin. Let's say for example
37:02.0
sa theory ni Eric Erickson.
37:04.0
Diba? Pagbata ka, trust versus
37:06.0
mistrust. So dapat nasa gitna ka lang
37:08.0
medyo nasa positive. So
37:10.0
hope yung makukuha mong
37:12.0
virtue. Diba? And then sa adolescent
37:16.0
or role confusion.
37:18.0
Idea. Identity versus role
37:20.0
confusion. Diba? Umaga, kung sino
37:24.0
as opposed sa kung hin...
37:26.0
kung sinong gusto mong maging as opposed to
37:28.0
gusto mong maging ikaw ng society and so on.
37:30.0
Diba? So yun yung mga task natin.
37:32.0
And pag nagfail tayo sa mga task ngayon
37:34.0
mahirapan tayong magmove on
37:36.0
sa next na task natin. Okay?
37:38.0
That's why, again,
37:40.0
it's a shorthand. Umaga, parang
37:42.0
social construction siya but it's still helpful
37:44.0
kasi parang na ano natin
37:46.0
kung ano ba yung dapat goal natin
37:48.0
sa mga stages ng buhay natin na ganito.
37:52.0
feeling ko nasa emerging adulthood
37:54.0
kayo. Diba? Wala pa nung
37:56.0
nagma... kumbaga, majority of you
37:58.0
I think wala pa naman may asawa
38:00.0
o nagmamadaling mag-asawa na.
38:04.0
ang mga emerging adulthood kasi
38:06.0
they are driven to achieve more.
38:10.0
to add more to their resume.
38:12.0
Kumbaga, kaya nga kayo nag-review
38:16.0
registered psychometrician
38:18.0
board exam. Okay?
38:20.0
Yan. A mark of a true emerging
38:22.0
adulthood yan sabi nga nung teacher
38:24.0
namin. Kasi nung nag-aaral ako
38:26.0
nung talaga ganun ko, napaka
38:28.0
passionate ko on achieving
38:30.0
more. Tapos sabi niya,
38:32.0
you are an epitome of an emerging adulthood
38:34.0
sabi niya. Pero siya mismo
38:36.0
hindi siya convinced
38:38.0
dun sa concept na iyan.
38:40.0
Ikaw nga lang. Baka
38:42.0
ano lang niya yan. Tool
38:44.0
niya lang yan para to encourage us to
38:48.0
participate sa discussion.
38:50.0
Ang galing kasi ni Doc SM.
38:52.0
Idol ko mong ganoon yan.
38:54.0
Ang dami niya pinapagawa. Anyway.
38:56.0
Periods of lifespan.
38:58.0
So ito yung major
39:00.0
developments in 8 periods of human
39:02.0
development. So sa prenatal,
39:04.0
ayan yung physical developments
39:06.0
natin. Sa prenatal, usually mga
39:08.0
ano yan, mga physical developments.
39:10.0
And then yung cognitive,
39:12.0
ayan, sensory, ano lang,
39:14.0
more on senses. And then sa
39:16.0
psychosocial, more on response
39:18.0
sa mother or sa mga
39:20.0
tao. Diba sabi nga nila may mga batang
39:22.0
nangingilala. Or kapampangan
39:24.0
na yun. Mangilala yan.
39:26.0
So yung parang ayaw niya, kung hindi niya
39:28.0
nanay, ayaw niyang
39:30.0
puntahan or something like
39:32.0
that. And then sa infancy to
39:34.0
toddlerhood, all senses
39:36.0
of the body. Ay, wait lang,
39:38.0
prenatal pala. Oh tama, prenatal.
39:40.0
Conception to birth.
39:42.0
So pagbubuntis pala yan.
39:44.0
So infancy to adulthood, ito yung
39:46.0
sinasabi ko kanina. So more on physical growth
39:48.0
din siya. And then
39:50.0
extension lang siya actually ng prenatal
39:52.0
period, yung infancy, diba?
39:54.0
Abilities to learn and remember the present,
39:56.0
even in early weeks. So use of
39:58.0
symbols, ability to solve problems,
40:00.0
develop end of the second year, and so on.
40:02.0
So yung itong mga ito, mas
40:04.0
hihimayin natin sila
40:08.0
nating mga lectures. So actually, ang
40:10.0
mangyayari nyan every week, nasa
40:12.0
isang period tayo.
40:14.0
Nasa isang age period.
40:16.0
So for example, next week nyan,
40:18.0
most probably nasa
40:20.0
prenatal period tayo. That's the following
40:22.0
week, yung infancy. The following week,
40:26.0
So hindi ko muna masyadong
40:28.0
i-emphasize to mga ito.
40:30.0
Pero ayan, diba? So as you can
40:32.0
see, yung infancy,
40:34.0
toddlerhood, and early childhood, medyo
40:36.0
focus yun. I mean, sa
40:38.0
infancy, toddlerhood, and prenatal,
40:40.0
focus yun sa physical. Tapos
40:42.0
yung sa early childhood is more
40:46.0
na yan, more on cognitive and
40:48.0
psychosocial, even sa middle
40:50.0
childhood. And then mas malala
40:52.0
yung sa adolescent, no?
40:54.0
Kasi sa adolescent, psychosocial naman dito
40:56.0
usually yung pinaka
40:58.0
tinitignan. Same with
41:00.0
emerging adulthood. And then
41:02.0
sa middle adulthood, e,
41:04.0
ano na to, more on managing
41:06.0
your expectations na with your body
41:08.0
and with other people.
41:10.0
And then late adulthood, ayan, coping
41:12.0
na lang lahat sa late adulthood.
41:14.0
Okay? Kasi malapit ka nang
41:18.0
sa tomb mo. Ayan. Yan, pag-usapan
41:20.0
natin, very interesting talaga yung
41:22.0
late adulthood. Siguro dahil
41:24.0
adult development and aging yung
41:26.0
tinate ko nung masters ko, no?
41:28.0
And very interesting siya.
41:32.0
development, sa mga lifespan
41:34.0
developmentalist naman, so yung kanina
41:36.0
itong sinabi ko, itong eight
41:38.0
major stages na to,
41:40.0
ito yung, ang tawag dito
41:42.0
classic, no? Classic way
41:44.0
of putting or classic way of
41:46.0
conceptualizing stages
41:48.0
of life. And then yung mga
41:50.0
lifespan developmentalist naman,
41:52.0
meron silang sarili, no?
41:54.0
Hindi naman nila sinasabing mali yung una.
41:56.0
Sinasabi lang nila na merong ibang way
42:01.0
the age of a person. So, may mga
42:03.0
ages. So, four ages daw. So, first
42:05.0
age is yung childhood and adolescence.
42:07.0
Second age is yung prime adulthood
42:09.0
20s through 50s. And then
42:11.0
third age is yung
42:13.0
malapit ng mamatay, no?
42:15.0
And then fourth age is yung
42:21.0
Kung mapapansin nyo yung 80
42:23.0
and above, bago lang yan kasi
42:25.0
bago lang yung mga taong nakaka-reach
42:27.0
ng 80 and above. Especially sa mga western
42:29.0
countries, no? So, sana
42:31.0
happy si Eric Erickson na nandyan theory
42:33.0
niya every stage. Oo nga, no?
42:35.0
Happy siya. Pero alam nyo,
42:37.0
nung nag-take ako nung
42:39.0
developmental, yun nga, nung major
42:41.0
subjects ng mga human dev majors,
42:43.0
sabi nila si Eric Erickson daw hindi na
42:45.0
masyadong ginagamit sa
42:47.0
master's level ng ano, master's level
42:49.0
ng human development.
42:53.0
mas ano siya, kung baga
42:55.0
masyado daw, hindi naman
42:57.0
obsolete katulad nung kay
42:59.0
Freud na parang hindi totoo yung mga sinabi
43:01.0
niya. Obsolete siya in a way kasi
43:07.0
Malaking culture bias nung ginawa
43:09.0
ni Eric Erickson. Sabi nila
43:11.0
siguro 20 years ago,
43:13.0
50 years ago, very
43:15.0
useful si Eric Erickson kasi
43:17.0
yung culture is on time sa kanya
43:19.0
pero nowadays daw
43:21.0
medyo nahuhuli na
43:23.0
yung theory ni Eric Erickson
43:25.0
sa human development
43:27.0
kaya parang hindi na siya masyadong
43:29.0
lumalabas sa mga textbook
43:31.0
ng mga master's level. Pero syempre dahil
43:33.0
undergrad level, basic
43:35.0
so okay lang, magkikita pa rin natin si Erickson
43:37.0
tsaka ginagamit pa rin naman yung mga concepts
43:39.0
ni Erickson as a stepping stone
43:41.0
parang bi kunyari, yung kay Arnett
43:45.0
parang ginawa niyang stepping stone
43:47.0
yung kay, yung ano, yung
43:49.0
fidelity, basta yung
43:53.0
intimacy versus isolation
44:01.0
concept niya ng emerging adulthood
44:03.0
parang ganun. Wala lang, fun fact
44:05.0
pero happy si Erickson
44:09.0
point, pinag-aaralan pa rin siya
44:11.0
and I'm not saying that Erickson
44:13.0
is wrong, I'm just saying that his theory is
44:17.0
biased kasi, not in a
44:19.0
bad way, but in a
44:23.0
so a key concept in the study
44:25.0
of lifespan development is how development
44:27.0
in one period is connected to
44:29.0
development in another period
44:31.0
so sa lifespan development, parang
44:33.0
ang mas focus nila is gano'n ka
44:35.0
connected? Si first age, tsaka
44:37.0
si second age, sa third age, tsaka
44:39.0
sa fourth age. Parang yung kay Erickson
44:41.0
dun, diba? Ginagamit pa rin
44:43.0
sa Erickson yung concept niya. Parang yung kay Erickson
44:45.0
pa rin na, pag meron kang problem
44:47.0
sa first age mo, most probably magkakaproblem
44:49.0
ka sa second age mo. Parang
44:51.0
ganun. Meron silang interconnectedness
44:55.0
Erick Erickson, for the win
44:57.0
Kahit sabihin, parang siyang
44:59.0
Freud ng human dev, no? O nga, no?
45:01.0
Kung yung theories of personality
45:03.0
at ng abscii, meron tayong
45:05.0
Sigmund Freud. Ang human development
45:09.0
dev majors, meron silang
45:11.0
Erick Erickson. Yung parang gusto na nilang
45:13.0
tanggalin sa textbook, pero hindi nilang
45:15.0
talaga totally matanggal
45:17.0
kasi nagagamit pa rin yung
45:19.0
mga concepts niya. Diba? Ang saya
45:21.0
pag meron ko napapansin ng mga ganong pattern
45:23.0
para mag-enjoy kayo, para hindi
45:25.0
kayo mainip. Parang tignan nyo
45:27.0
mag-chismis kayo. Chismisan nyo.
45:29.0
Bakit nandino naman yung tong taong to? Ano bang
45:31.0
ambag ni tong taong to? Ayun.
45:33.0
I-stock nyo sa Google.
45:35.0
Ganun yung gawin nyo. I-stock nyo sa Google yung mga
45:37.0
yan. Parang, sino tong si Urie
45:39.0
Bronferlbrenner? O diba?
45:41.0
O sino tong si Baltis?
45:43.0
Diba? Parang, in that way
45:45.0
parang ang curiosity nyo na
45:47.0
parang akala nyo nag-chismisan lang
45:49.0
kayo. Diba? Kasi gusto ng mga tao
45:51.0
yung chismis. Diba? Nagiging
45:53.0
interesting lahat pag i-frame
45:55.0
mo siya as chismis.
45:57.0
Helpful yan sa review.
45:59.0
Pag-chismisan nyo lahat.
46:01.0
Anyway, so next is yung influences
46:03.0
on development. So,
46:05.0
developmental study, individual differences
46:07.0
in characteristics, influence,
46:09.0
and developmental outcomes.
46:11.0
So, people differ in gender,
46:13.0
height, weight, body build,
46:15.0
in health and energy level, in
46:17.0
intelligence, temperament, personality,
46:19.0
and emotional reactions.
46:21.0
Hello, theories of personality.
46:23.0
So, again, sabi ko nga
46:25.0
sa inyo, di nyo, di natin may
46:27.0
iwan totally si theories of personality.
46:29.0
If I will, kung baga
46:31.0
kung may magtatanong sa akin,
46:33.0
kung paano sila mag-review for board exam,
46:35.0
I will still say, na
46:37.0
kailangan nilang pag-aralan niya theories of personality.
46:39.0
Hindi dahil kikita ko sa mga
46:41.0
views nila, kundi dahil
46:43.0
kailangan mo talaga ng
46:45.0
kailangan mo talaga ng foundation
46:47.0
ng theories of personality. Kasi lahat
46:51.0
human development ka man, I.O.
46:53.0
ka man, or ABSAI ka man,
46:55.0
siyempre especially ABSAI, kailangan mo si theories
46:57.0
of personality. Pag di mo
46:59.0
master si theories of personality,
47:01.0
parang kang nag-doktor nang hindi nag-medical
47:05.0
And then, other than
47:07.0
the personality of, kung baga, ito yung
47:09.0
influences sa development. Kasi development
47:11.0
as I've mentioned, hindi lang
47:13.0
yung organism itself.
47:15.0
Yung organism itself,
47:17.0
iba-iba pa yan sa development ng
47:19.0
ibang tao. As I've said
47:21.0
kanina, we are looking
47:23.0
sa common grounds,
47:25.0
dun sa normal na development.
47:27.0
But of course, kahit merong
47:29.0
mga patterns na mag-emerge
47:31.0
or mga trends, malaking
47:33.0
factor pa rin yung personality ng
47:35.0
tao, kung papano siya magde-develop.
47:39.0
for example, yung personality ng taong to,
47:41.0
wala talaga siyang kibel sa mga nangyayari sa paligid niya.
47:43.0
Kahit magkaroon siya ng negative experience
47:45.0
o negative situation, hindi makaka-affect
47:47.0
yun sa kanyang development.
47:49.0
Kasi nga, wala nga siyang pake sa nangyayari
47:51.0
sa paligid niya. Pero let's say, for example,
47:53.0
yung isang taong ito is very sensitive
47:55.0
sa nangyayari sa paligid sa kanya,
47:57.0
tapos may nangyaring masama sa kanya,
48:01.0
ang magagawa nun sa kanyang
48:03.0
development. Okay? Mapa-physical
48:05.0
man yan, mapa-cognitive man yan,
48:07.0
or even psychosocial. Okay?
48:09.0
So, context is also a factor.
48:11.0
So, yung context na yan,
48:13.0
marami yan. Mabuhay, didiscuss natin
48:15.0
kung sobrang dami.
48:17.0
So, one challenge in developmental psychology
48:19.0
is to identify the universal
48:21.0
influences on development
48:23.0
and then apply those to
48:25.0
understanding individual differences
48:29.0
trajectories. So, hello TOP again.
48:33.0
merong normal way, but again,
48:35.0
it also depends on that person.
48:37.0
Ano yung personality niya?
48:41.0
kahit, kumbaga, may mga tao
48:43.0
talaga na hindi nila
48:45.0
sinusunod yung stages of development
48:47.0
kasi iba yung personality nila.
48:49.0
Okay? And hindi natin
48:51.0
malalaman yun kung hindi tayo aware
48:53.0
dun sa individual differences niya, or sa
48:55.0
individual difference niya. How
48:57.0
come this person is different?
48:59.0
Sino yung makakasagot dun sa tanong na yun?
49:01.0
How come this person is different?
49:03.0
Theories of personality.
49:07.0
pag-anala nyo pa rin sa theories of
49:09.0
personality. Okay?
49:11.0
Sana nga hindi na lang nila tinanggal yung theories
49:13.0
of personality. Sana dinagdagan na lang nila.
49:17.0
Hindi naman ako bored, so
49:19.0
suggestion lang naman.
49:21.0
Kasi madami din kasing drawbacks, so
49:23.0
naiintindihan ko din naman kung bakit hindi na lang nila
49:25.0
dinagdagan. Kasi feeling ko
49:27.0
mas maraming magreklamo daw.
49:29.0
Sabihin naman, ikaw kasi sir, di ko na
49:31.0
nagtitake yun, kaya nasasabi mo yun.
49:33.0
Mga ganun mga kalasang yan.
49:35.0
Kaya gets ko din naman.
49:39.0
Another context or
49:41.0
another influence on development is
49:43.0
yung tinatawag nating nature tsaka nurture.
49:47.0
basically genes, heredity.
49:49.0
So, that's our nature. Kumbaga,
49:51.0
ito talaga ikaw. Natural sa'yo to.
49:53.0
Bakit natural sa'yo to? Kasi nasa genes mo.
49:57.0
can be conceptualized as a genetic
49:59.0
roll of dice. It consists of an inborn
50:01.0
traits and characteristics provided
50:03.0
by the child's biological parents.
50:05.0
So, kung mamamagulang mo, di ba?
50:07.0
Kung maganda yung mga genes nila, most likely maganda din
50:11.0
O kaya kung meron isa sa kanila na parang hindi maganda yung
50:13.0
genes, ayun, di ba? Pagdasal mo, na hindi ka
50:15.0
makuha, hindi mo nakuha yung genes na yun. Kaso
50:17.0
kahit nagdasal ka, nandyan ka na yun. Di na mo babago
50:19.0
yun, di ba? But, yun nga.
50:21.0
Nature or heredity is like that.
50:23.0
So, kumbaga, sinasabi lang ito
50:25.0
na kung ano yung nasa genes mo,
50:27.0
of course, makakaapekto yun sa
50:29.0
development mo. But, of course, that's not
50:31.0
entirely the case. Meron din
50:33.0
tayong tinatawag na environment.
50:35.0
So, environment influences stem
50:39.0
of the body, starting at conception
50:41.0
with the prenatal environment in the womb
50:43.0
and continuing throughout life.
50:45.0
Yung genes natin kasi
50:47.0
nakikipag-interactin sa environment.
50:51.0
environment natin, it can act upon
50:53.0
our development. So,
50:55.0
hindi ko na masyadong itidiscuss
50:59.0
nitty-gritty details ito. But, basically,
51:01.0
it's nature versus nurture.
51:03.0
For example, intelligence.
51:05.0
So, intelligence. Namaman na ba ang
51:07.0
intelligence or natututunan ang intelligence?
51:13.0
Some would say that it's
51:15.0
genetic, some would say it's environmental,
51:17.0
some would say it's both.
51:19.0
Okay? Tapos, doon na bubuo yung
51:21.0
may tawag doon, eh, yung
51:23.0
growth mindset, tsaka
51:25.0
yung fixed mindset. Although, medyo
51:27.0
questionable yung scientific validity
51:29.0
ng mga concept na yun. Pero,
51:31.0
the point there is
51:33.0
parang yung mga growth mindset,
51:35.0
yung mga may growth mindset na yun,
51:37.0
parang, ibig sabihin kasi ng growth mindset,
51:39.0
you can become more skilled
51:43.0
Tapos, yung mga fixed mindset, sila yung nag-isip
51:45.0
na, eh, ito yung binigay ng nature sakin.
51:47.0
Hindi ko na kailangan i-stretch pa to.
51:49.0
Sabi nila, mas nagiging matalino
51:51.0
daw yung mga taong may growth mindset.
51:55.0
That begs the question na naman,
51:57.0
yung bang growth mindset,
51:59.0
hereditary din yan.
52:01.0
Namamanan mo rin ba yung growth mindset?
52:03.0
So, kung namamanan mo yung
52:05.0
growth mindset, odi tama yung
52:07.0
fixed mindset. Eh, yan yung bigay sa'yo, eh.
52:09.0
Di ba? Merong ano siya.
52:11.0
Circular argument siya.
52:15.0
So, the relative influence of nature, heredity,
52:17.0
and biological processes in nurture
52:19.0
is fiercely debated and theories
52:21.0
differ in the weight they assign
52:23.0
to each. So, kung tatanungin nyo ko,
52:25.0
Sir, nature ba o nurture? Why not both?
52:29.0
Kasi meron tayong tinatawag na epigenetics.
52:31.0
So, ito yung nagpapakomplikate ng mga things, eh.
52:33.0
Epigenetics is the tendency
52:35.0
of our genes to change.
52:37.0
As we develop or due to
52:39.0
the influence of the environment.
52:41.0
Kasi yung mga genes natin, naghihihwahihwala
52:45.0
mitosis meiosis. Minsan, nagkakaroon
52:49.0
duplication ng genes.
52:53.0
One pa lang yun. Di ba? Tapos meron pa yung
52:55.0
as in talagang source code yung mag-iiba.
52:57.0
Paano nag-iiba yung source code?
52:59.0
Yung mismong genes natin. Let's say, for example,
53:01.0
kulang yung nutrition mo.
53:03.0
Imbis na tumangkad ka, kahit may genes
53:05.0
ka for pampatangkad, dahil konti
53:07.0
yung nutrition mo, eh, itaturn off ng
53:09.0
utawan mo yan. Para malagay sa
53:11.0
mga mas importanteng bagay, yung
53:13.0
nutrients mo. Di ba?
53:15.0
Epigenetics. Di ba? Ang saya.
53:17.0
So ano ba talaga, sir? Nature versus
53:21.0
Para huwag kayong malito.
53:23.0
But, of course, may mga
53:25.0
arguments d'yan. May mga research d'yan.
53:27.0
As we go along, didiscuss
53:29.0
din natin yan. And then stability
53:31.0
versus change. Stability change
53:33.0
issue. Itong kasama to yata
53:35.0
kay soundtrack mo.
53:37.0
Which involves the
53:39.0
degree to which early traits and
53:41.0
characteristics persist through
53:43.0
life or change. Is the fun-loving
53:45.0
care-free adolescent bound to have
53:47.0
difficulty holding down a 9-to-5 job?
53:49.0
Parang basically sinasabi nito,
53:51.0
yung bang tao, pag nagde-develop
53:53.0
siya, nagbabago pa
53:55.0
talaga siya ng 180 degrees?
53:57.0
Let's say, for example,
53:59.0
yung bata na very active,
54:05.0
umaki ba siyang actor, actress,
54:07.0
or theatrical actor, theatrical
54:09.0
actress, performer?
54:11.0
Iba? May mga ganun ba?
54:13.0
Meron kong kilala
54:15.0
nung bata siya, natutulog lang siya.
54:17.0
Ayaw niyang hindi siya namamansin ng ibang
54:19.0
tao. Parang, wala lang, pahimik lang.
54:21.0
Tapos nang lumaki,
54:23.0
ayun, naging performer. May mga
54:25.0
ganun. Iba? May mga iba naman
54:27.0
na parang simula ng bata, ganun sila
54:29.0
hanggang pagtanda. Stable ba
54:31.0
yung isang tao, or merong ba
54:33.0
isang change na nangyayari?
54:35.0
Many developmentalists who emphasize stability in development
54:37.0
argue that stability is
54:39.0
the result of heredity and possible
54:41.0
early experiences in life.
54:43.0
Parang sinasabi ng iba na, nagingkin stable
54:45.0
yung iba based sa kanilang
54:47.0
predispositions and
54:49.0
sa kanilang mga early dispositions
54:51.0
or mga early experiences sa buhay. Let's say, for example,
54:53.0
talagang tahimik yung
54:55.0
both parents. So, meron siyang
54:57.0
propensity to become tahimik,
55:01.0
lay low lang. Hindi siyang masyadong
55:03.0
nagiging pansinin.
55:07.0
and then, wala naman siyang naging experience na
55:09.0
kailangan niyang mag-step up. Kailangan niyang
55:11.0
maging performer or maging something
55:13.0
like that. So, anong nangyayari? Eh, ganun
55:15.0
lang. Naging stable siya throughout his
55:17.0
life. Iba? Developmentalists
55:19.0
who emphasize change take the more
55:21.0
optimistic view that later experiences
55:23.0
can produce change. Sa mga
55:25.0
developmentalists naman na parang
55:27.0
sinasabi nila change is coming,
55:31.0
yung mga nangyayari sa environment natin,
55:33.0
mga situations natin, will really have
55:35.0
a big effect on our
55:37.0
behavior. Iba? Parang ano to eh,
55:39.0
sino bang theories of personality
55:43.0
Sinano? Yung mga humanistic.
55:45.0
Iba? Yung mga humanistic theorists.
55:47.0
So, yung mga stability
55:49.0
sila yung mga psychoanalysts.
55:53.0
Mga developmentalists naman na change
55:55.0
centric sila yung mga humanistic.
55:59.0
I think, no? Same side
56:01.0
of the, different
56:03.0
side of the same coin sila.
56:05.0
I think it's both, no?
56:07.0
And it really depends on the
56:09.0
genetic makeup and the experiences
56:11.0
of the person. So, nature versus
56:13.0
nurture again. So, the roles
56:15.0
of early and later experience are
56:17.0
an aspect of the stability change
56:19.0
issue that has long been hotly
56:21.0
debated. And I'm sure,
56:23.0
no, lahat kayo merong
56:25.0
kanya-kanyang opinion dito.
56:27.0
No? Ang basic na tanong dito
56:29.0
is, nagbabago ba ang tao?
56:33.0
Sagutin niyo ngayon, nagbabago ba ang tao?
56:37.0
Ako yung sagot ko dyan, hindi eh.
56:39.0
Magbabago siya pero hindi naman
56:41.0
totally. Kung baga,
56:43.0
180 degrees change is
56:47.0
No? May mababa yung chance na magkaroon
56:49.0
ng 180 degrees change yung isang tao.
56:51.0
Yung change ng tao is incremental
56:53.0
siya. No? Hindi siya biglaan.
56:55.0
Kung maga 180 man yan,
56:57.0
parang unti-unti siya.
57:01.0
drug addict siya ngayon,
57:03.0
tas kinabukasan eh,
57:07.0
nagiging, kung baga,
57:09.0
drug addict siya ngayon, tas kinabukasan, naging pari na siya,
57:11.0
naging pastor na siya.
57:13.0
Ang argument ko nga dun is, baka nagbago
57:15.0
lang yung may na-worship niya. Dati drugs,
57:17.0
ngayon, si God na.
57:21.0
Kung baga, same personality,
57:23.0
same core personality.
57:25.0
Hala, napaningas ako.
57:29.0
but different yung kanyang approach.
57:31.0
Different yung kanyang outlet
57:33.0
sa kanyang personality.
57:37.0
Gradual nga lang, sabi ni Jerald.
57:39.0
But anyway, that's just my opinion.
57:41.0
Again, it's just my opinion. Kina-clarify ko.
57:43.0
Opinyon ko lang yun. It's
57:45.0
still up to you to decide. Based sa mga
57:47.0
readings ninyo, based sa mga experiences ninyo,
57:49.0
and of course, based din sa kanyang
57:51.0
mga personal convictions.
57:53.0
Okay? But again, there's a debate.
57:55.0
There's a debate sa stability
57:57.0
and change. Magbabago pero babalik
57:59.0
pa rin. Yun, yun. May mga gano'ng mga
58:01.0
ano, ano, parang rubber band
58:03.0
sabi nga nila. Yung pag gini-stretch mo.
58:05.0
Kaya na ko ma-stretch pero eventually
58:07.0
it's either magbubreak yan or babalik.
58:11.0
may mga nagsasabi din na gano'n.
58:13.0
Diba? Ang saya ng developmental psychology.
58:15.0
Para siyang T.O.P.
58:17.0
Wala kang masagot kung ano ba talaga.
58:21.0
Parang yung mga babaero. Yes!
58:25.0
naloko na kayo once, naloloko yan dila
58:27.0
twice. Diba? Pero yung twice
58:29.0
hindi kayo lolokoin yan.
58:31.0
Uy, mag-release silang bagong
58:37.0
Yung Moonlight. Anyway.
58:41.0
nagpa-fanboy lang.
58:43.0
Huwag lahat yung jean.
58:45.0
Hindi naman lahat.
58:47.0
Sabi nga ng mga kapampangan.
58:49.0
Hindi naman lahat.
58:53.0
So, yan. Discontinuity. Ito, another
58:57.0
context sa development.
58:59.0
Discontinuity versus discontinuity.
59:01.0
Maraming mga developmentalist na nag-argue
59:07.0
continuous siya or discontinuous siya.
59:09.0
So, parang focuses on the degree
59:11.0
to which development involves either
59:13.0
gradual or cumulative change as I've
59:15.0
mentioning a while ago. Continuity
59:17.0
or distinct stages. So,
59:19.0
mas emphasize natin ito
59:21.0
next time. So, next,
59:23.0
mamaya actually. Sa lecture natin
59:25.0
mamaya. So, continuity, ito yung parang
59:27.0
sabi nila yung mga taong, mga developmentalist
59:29.0
that are believing in the continuity
59:33.0
parang from oak seed to oak tree.
59:35.0
Diba? Wala masyadong, wala masyadong
59:37.0
ano yan. Oak seed, yan parang
59:41.0
and then eventually magiging syang sapling,
59:43.0
magiging syang toddler, and then magiging syang
59:45.0
tree, magiging syang adolescent, and then magiging syang
59:47.0
old tree or old person.
59:49.0
So, discontinuity naman, parang sinasabi
59:51.0
nila na metamorphosis
59:53.0
type yung change ng development.
59:57.0
caterpillar to pupa
59:59.0
and then to the adult
60:01.0
form of the insect.
60:03.0
So, i-emphasize natin ito mamaya
60:05.0
sa next lesson natin.
60:07.0
May mga nag-chat-chat na. Huwag lahat din, Gene.
60:09.0
Good boy yan, si Gerald.
60:11.0
Salamat syang, sabi niya.
60:13.0
Parang pwede kang magdaldalan
60:15.0
pa rin kahit sa online class. Okay lang yan.
60:17.0
At least meron tayong ano.
60:19.0
Saun na nalala ko yung
60:21.0
online class namin, parang
60:23.0
feeling ko nalulungkot yung mga student nung online
60:25.0
class. Wala silang kadaldalan.
60:27.0
Habang nagdi-discuss yung teacher.
60:29.0
Pero mas maganda, hindi kayo mahuhuli
60:31.0
pag natutulog kayo. Diba?
60:35.0
lagi akong napapagalitan kasi natutulog ako
60:37.0
sa klase. Sabi ko yan matulog
60:39.0
pag minor subject yung klase.
60:41.0
Pero huwag niya akong gagayahin. Sabagay,
60:43.0
tapos na kami mag-gatal.
60:45.0
So, ayon, continuity versus
60:47.0
discontinuity. And then,
60:49.0
how do we evaluate these developmental
60:51.0
issues? Although most developmentalists
60:53.0
do not take extreme positions
60:55.0
on these three important
60:57.0
issues, there is spirited debate
60:59.0
regarding how strongly development is
61:01.0
influenced by each of these factors.
61:03.0
So, nature versus nurture,
61:05.0
stability versus change, continuity versus
61:07.0
discontinuity, characterized development.
61:11.0
parang ano lang yan, diba? Pag gusto mo
61:13.0
maging mukhang expert sa mga
61:15.0
social sciences subject mo
61:17.0
pag nag-resetation ka.
61:19.0
Pag may tanong yung teacher, lagi mong sasabihin,
61:21.0
Sir, Ma'am, it depends.
61:25.0
ka sa it depends, ayan, parang
61:27.0
meron ng first impression yung teacher mo. Ah, matali
61:29.0
na tong batang to. Diba? It depends.
61:31.0
Tapos ulitin mo lang
61:33.0
yung mga, ulitin mo lang yung mga
61:35.0
debates, no? Sinasabi
61:37.0
ng iba na nature ang mga,
61:39.0
pero may nagsasabihin na nurture, kasi
61:41.0
nga naman, diba? Ganyan-ganyan. Ganon
61:43.0
lang siya. Ganon lang magpaikot ng mga
61:49.0
Kung gusto mong tumaas yung grade mo sa
61:51.0
recitation. Sir, sa master,
61:53.0
Sir, parang mas masarap matulog?
61:59.0
May mga times na nakakatulog ako,
62:01.0
pero depende sa subject din.
62:03.0
Pero kasi depende, ayan, depende
62:07.0
Depende. May mga subject na makakatulog
62:09.0
kami, mga subject na hindi.
62:11.0
Bakit di ka makakatulog kasi
62:13.0
ako, no, in my case, very
62:15.0
interesting kasi talaga yung usapan.
62:17.0
And ako kasi yung tipo ng tao na gusto kong
62:19.0
gumagawa ng gulo sa ano,
62:21.0
sa academic setting. I mean, alam nyo yung
62:23.0
gumagawa ng gulo? Ako yung devil's
62:25.0
advocate lagi pag nagmama sa
62:27.0
master. Ano yung devil's advocate?
62:29.0
Yung kumukontra for the sake of
62:31.0
kumontra. Kasi sa master, ganoon e. Laging
62:33.0
discussion. Discussion siya
62:35.0
among the students and the teacher.
62:37.0
So hindi siya yung parang ganto na
62:39.0
ano lang, lecture
62:41.0
type. Hindi. May lecture
62:43.0
pero siguro mga 15 minutes lang.
62:45.0
Tapos after nun, discussion na ng ideas.
62:47.0
Tapos ako yung, ano, ako yung nagbo-brew
62:49.0
ng ano. Ako yung nagluluto
62:51.0
ng mga pag-aawayan. Ganoon.
62:53.0
Ayan, masaya yun. War freak ako e.
62:57.0
Kaya hindi ako makakatulong siguro.
63:01.0
times na sobrang pagod sa work. Tapos
63:05.0
nanto ka na lang.
63:07.0
Anyway, so maturation.
63:09.0
So maturation, this is the unfolding
63:11.0
of the natural sequence of
63:13.0
physical changes as children
63:15.0
grow into adolescents.
63:17.0
Then into adults, individual differences in innate
63:19.0
characteristics and life experiences
63:21.0
play a greater role. So throughout
63:25.0
maturation continues to influence
63:27.0
certain biological processes such as brain
63:29.0
development and all people undergo
63:31.0
rates and timing of
63:33.0
development vary. So maturation,
63:35.0
this is the everyday
63:37.0
use of the word of being matured.
63:39.0
Diba? Pag sinabing, ay, matured
63:41.0
na yung taong yan. Ibig sabihin, pag
63:43.0
matured na yung taong yan, physically or
63:45.0
mentally speaking, parang
63:47.0
matured tignan. Diba may mga ganoon yung matured
63:49.0
silang physically? Matured tignan yung parang
63:51.0
bata pa lang sila pero
63:53.0
mukha na silang adults, diba?
63:55.0
Hindi ko alam kung good ting yun or bad thing
63:57.0
kasi sa akin, baligtad, no?
63:59.0
Lagi akong pinagkakamalang studyante.
64:01.0
Bakit? Mukha ba akong studyante?
64:03.0
Tapos may iba naman na studyante
64:05.0
parang mukha na silang mga teacher.
64:07.0
May mga students ako na minsan mukha pa
64:09.0
silang teacher sa akin, diba?
64:11.0
But anyway, so that's maturation in a
64:13.0
physical aspect. There's
64:15.0
also maturation in a cognitive and
64:17.0
psychosocial aspect.
64:21.0
maturation na yan, malaking
64:23.0
factor yung mga napag-usapan
64:25.0
natin kanina, like yung nature, diba?
64:27.0
And yung nurture, kasi may mga
64:29.0
iba talaga na mabilis silang lumaki kasi
64:31.0
yun yung genetic nila. May iba naman na
64:33.0
talagang napilitan silang bumilis tumanda.
64:35.0
Let's say, for example,
64:37.0
na-abandon na sila na mga
64:39.0
magulang nila or na matayan sila agad
64:41.0
ng mga magulang. Syempre, na ma-force sila
64:43.0
na mag-take up ng role,
64:45.0
diba, psychosocially, or mag-take
64:49.0
kapabilisin nila yung kanilang pag-learn.
64:51.0
Kasi kung di sila mag-learn
64:53.0
agad, malamang sa malamang
64:55.0
hindi sila magsasurvive. So yung mga
64:57.0
factors na yun can contribute to
64:59.0
the maturation of a person.
65:01.0
And people undergo
65:03.0
different rates and timing.
65:05.0
So marami ding factors sa mga
65:07.0
timing. Let's say, for example, sa gender,
65:11.0
mabagal mag-matured yung mga yan.
65:13.0
Yung mga iba, hindi na nag-matured.
65:15.0
Yung mga babae naman, mabilis sila mag-mature.
65:17.0
Yung lalaki, hindi nag-mature.
65:19.0
May laruan pa rin hanggang ngayon.
65:21.0
Pero inaamin ko naman
65:23.0
na laruan yung mga yan.
65:25.0
Huwag kayo. Kanya-kanya trip yan.
65:31.0
we move on to the
65:33.0
context of development.
65:37.0
ilang slides na ba to?
66:03.0
dito muna tayo mag-stop.
66:05.0
Kasi, ano na tayo.
66:07.0
Sobrang information overload na,
66:09.0
I think, on your end.
66:13.0
dito muna tayo mag-stop
66:15.0
sa context of development.
66:17.0
And then later at around 10,
66:23.0
So, pag-uusapan natin yung mga context of development.
66:31.0
Agree naman kayo sa aking
66:41.0
Para din hindi tayo masyad na bibigla
66:43.0
kasi first lesson of the year natin.
66:51.0
this is our first lecture.
66:53.0
So, i-stop muna natin dito.
66:55.0
And then we will continue later at 10.30.
66:57.0
And then after ng 10.30,
66:59.0
re-resume natin sa context of development.
67:05.0
with that, thank you for listening
67:07.0
and let's take our break. So, yung mga di pa
67:09.0
naga-almusol d'yan, yung mga di pa nagkakape
67:11.0
d'yan, ako di pa magkakape.
67:13.0
So, magkape muna tayo, kumain
67:15.0
muna tayo, magbebe time muna
67:17.0
kayo kung gusto nyo
67:21.0
So, yun. Maraming salamat
67:23.0
and see you later.
