Grammar question

@Kingbuf How about this? Ang bata ay bumalik sa gusali.

My text book has a few.Magbukas ka ng pinto
Buksan mo ang pinto.Sumulat ang bata sa aklat.
Sinulatan ng bata ang aklat.Sumulat ang bata ng panngalan niya sa aklat.
Sinulatan ng bata ng panngalan niya ang aklat.

@Kingbuf Your example is correct. Directional-focus verbs + si or ang take the place of using other-focus verbs + sa and kay (for what we call indirect objects in English).
Halimbawa (Example): Nasaan ka pupunta? Pupunta ako SA tindahan.
Or you can say Pupuntahan ko ang tindahan.In my experience, directional-focus verbs are used more often when the point of the sentence is to indicate “for whom” or “to whom” the action occurred.
Ex. (Answer to: TO WHOM did she provide help?) SINO tulungan niya?
Tulungan niya SI ROBERT. Dir focus. (She helped ROBERT.)
Or, Tulungan niya AKO. (She helped ME.)With a doer-focused verb, you have the same idea, but the emphasis is placed on WHO helped Robert.
Ex. (WHO helped Robert//me?) SINO tumulong kay Robert//sa akin?
Ans. Tumulong SIYA kay Robert. (SHE helped Robert.) // Tumulong ko SIYA. (SHE helped me.)Hope this helps. Try this one: without using sa or kay, how would you answer: Sino mo susuportahan sa susunod na eleksyon?

@Kingbuf
Actor Focus:
Bumalik sa gusali ang bata. 👍🏼 /
Bumalik ang bata sa gusali. Directional/Locative Focus:
Binalikan ng bata ang gusali. 👍🏼Object Focus:
Ibinalik ng bata ang gusali.
(the building was restored by the kid. / the building was returned by the kid.😅) ** maybe the ownership thru papers? 😅 but we say it with "papeles[papers/documents]" like:
"ibinalik ng bata ang mga papeles ng gusali."
(the building's documents were returned by the kid.)Anyway, I'm not sure with my English translations, but I guess putting stress on certain words in an English phrase will help you understand the Tagalog focuses 😊

@Pags9
1. **Saan ka pupunta?
"Nasaan" is used for asking the current location of something/someone.** and since the question is an actor focus, the answer should be in actor focus as well, so
"Pupunta ako sa tindahan." would be the correct answer and not "pupuntahan ko ang tindahan."2. Sino (ang) **tinulungan niya?
** Ang tinulungan niya ay si Robert. / Ang tinulungan niya ay ako.
(the verb should be in "completed aspect" or the close equivalent in English would be "past tense", based on the translations you have provided.)3. Sino (ang) tumulong kay Robert/sa akin?
** Siya (ang) tumulong kay Robert.
** Siya (ang) tumulong sa akin.
("siya" should be located at first or if we'll use the "ay" sentence, it should be located at the end,
like: "Ang tumulong sa'kin ay siya."
but the most common is "Siya ang tumulong..." which is a direct answer and you can actually drop the following sentences unless you want to give an emphasis. unlike the "ay" sentence, it gives a bit of suspense; and like the direct approach, from "ay" going backwards can be omitted as well.)** Tumulong siya kay Robert/ sa akin. is like a plain declarative form. unless the question is
"Ano ang ginawa niya? (What did she do?)" then
"Tumulong siya kay Robert/ sa akin" would be the correct answer 🙂👍🏼I hope it helps somehow 😊